In 1860, after the fall of the Borboni’s empire, thanks to the disembark of Garibaldi’s army in Sicily, the southern Italy was annexed to the rest of the state dominated by Savoia dynasty. It could show conditions of poverty and social and economical weakness, and the new state couldn’t support its reborn. It was  an effect of the expansion of the political structures of the state to all Italy and fused lands that have faced different historical events.

For one third of Italian population the agriculture was the only source of survival, only the north had a shy process of industrialization, while south  was just nester. Before Garibaldi’s disembark, some progressive ideas entered in Sicily, and the end of Borboni’s empire could let hope to the Sicilian farmers a moment in which the finally could realise their aspirations, and a lot of riots emerged and were suppressed by Garibaldi. He didn’t want to give Sicily to Savoia, while it was upset by these riots. That choice caused a break between north and south. Italian state was not well seen by the southern population because the new tax were more expensive than the old, and because the draft became mandatory, taking off arms good for the agriculture. Borboni’s propaganda, against the new state, was mad bigger thanks to the Church - the state took some of its lands – and in 1860 autumn a new riot burst in the old reign of the two Sicily. That riots was fought on two fronts: the incursions against the rich, and against Italian army: this battle made a lot of dead. To stop the bandit wars were needed some several measures, and the “Pica law” (1863) was decisive, and summit the best partr of the bandits to the military jurisdiction. The riots were bloody for both the parts: a lot of villages were destroyed and a lot of people who helped the bandits were killed without a process. After 1876 the Italian state changed its program and started to call the first parliamentarian enquiries on the southern conditions.

by  Fabrizio Priori, Simone Cagnoni, and Leonardo Manzari